Residual Impact of Concurrent, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fasting Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Women With Insulin Resistance
Question
After 12 weeks of HIIT, resistance training, or concurrent training, what residual effects remain on fasting glucose and fasting insulin 24 and 72 hours after training cessation in women with insulin resistance?
Summary
In physically inactive women with insulin resistance, 12 weeks of HIIT lowered fasting plasma glucose 24 hours after training, while resistance training lowered fasting insulin. By 72 hours after the final session, HIIT and resistance training maintained better residual glucose/insulin effects than the combined resistance-plus-HIIT program.
Methodology
- Physically inactive adult women with insulin resistance.
- 45 participants.
- Cycle ergometer.
- Work intervals: 60 s.
- Recovery: Passive seated recovery, 120 s progressing to 60 s.
- Intensity: 8-10 modified Borg; 80-100% HRmax.
- About 20-24 min including cool-down/session.
- 3 sessions/week.
- 12 weeks.
- Four-group controlled exercise intervention with pre, 24 h, and 72 h post-training measures
- Fasting plasma glucose, Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and Body composition were tracked.
Outcomes
FPG 24 h
HIIT decreased fasting plasma glucose 24 h after the final session.
101.0 +/- 2 vs 95.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dL; p=0.021.
FI 24 h
Resistance training decreased fasting insulin 24 h after training.
4.9 +/- 1.6 vs 4.3 +/- 1.5 microUI/L; p=0.035.
FPG 72 h
Concurrent training had poorer 72 h residual FPG change than control, HIIT, and RT.
CT delta FPG72h +6.6 mg/dL vs HIIT +1.2 and RT +1.0; p=0.004 vs HIIT, p=0.010 vs RT.
Adiposity
Adiposity and anthropometric changes differed across groups and were explored as predictors of residual effects.
Several time x group interactions were reported for WC and skinfold outcomes.
Insights
- For glucose-control content, emphasize that benefits may be transient and regular training matters.
- A 60 s cycling interval with progressively shorter recovery is a usable structure after screening.
- Do not generalize the concurrent-training result beyond RT-before-HIIT in this cohort.
Limitations
- No dietary control during the 24-72 h residual-effect period
- CT order was not randomized
- Group sizes were unequal and small
- Menstrual cycle and menopausal status were not controlled
- No molecular measures or oral glucose tolerance test
Safety
- No adverse events were reported.
- Participants were screened to exclude hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, cardiac disease, respiratory disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and relevant medication use.
- Adherence was reported for exercise groups, and a minimum 70% compliance threshold was required for final analysis.